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Female breast anatomy glowing orange, 3d Medical illustration, women's health
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Tuberculous mastitis (TM) is a rare chronic granulomatous disease predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.1 TM accounts for less than 0.1% of all breast diseases worldwide, whereas it is more common in endemic regions (3–4.5%).2,3 TM is more prevalent in the reproductive age group, especially during the lactation period, when patients are more susceptible since the […]

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Fungi Now Episodes

Episode 1 - Fungi in a Heating World: How Climate Change is Transforming Fungal Infections?

Prof. Hoenigl outlines how climate change is not only affecting global temperature, sea levels and increasing the frequency of natural disasters, it is reshaping the ecology of fungi.
Prof. Martin Hoenigl
Duration: 7:01

Episode 2 - Mastering Candidiasis: Inside the New ECMM Global Guidelines

Dr Kanj provides an overview of the stepwise diagnostic pathway and treatment algorithms from the ECMM 2025 guidelines for Candida infections, the most common hospital fungal pathogen.
Dr Souha Kanj
Duration: 6:58

Episode 3 - Escalation in Invasive Aspergillosis: Knowing When First Line Is Not Enough

Prof. Maertens provides guidance on how to identify early signals of non-response to acute invasive aspergillosis management and how to make evidence-based escalation decisions.
Prof. Johan Maertens
Duration: 6:10

Episode 4 - Amphotericin B in a Changing Landscape: Defining Its Role in Modern Antifungal Therapy

Prof. Dimopoulos outlines the role of amphotericin B in the context of emerging antifungal agents.
Prof. George Dimopoulos
Duration: 6:48

Episode 5 - Beyond Guidelines: Critical Insights in Intra-abdominal Candidiasis

Prof. Martin-Loeches provides practical, evidence‑aligned decision‑making when treating intra‑abdominal candidiasis, one of the most challenging forms of invasive fungal infection.
Prof. Ignacio Martin-Loeches
Duration: 8:37

Activity Overview

CARE Legacy

Faculty and Disclosures

References & Publications

Activity Overview
CARE Legacy
Faculty and Disclosures
References & Publications

Invasive fungal infections such as candidiasis and aspergillosis are becoming more common with increasing global temperatures and more frequent natural disasters, emphasizing the importance of antifungal readiness. Understanding the roles of specific antifungal classes and when to escalate treatment is key to appropriate therapeutic decision-making. In this Fungi Now series, learn how the risk of invasive fungal infections is increasing and practical management strategies for key pathogens. 

  • Highlight the impact of climate events and natural disasters on fungal exposure and infection risk.
  • Outline the key recommendations of the global guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive candidiasis & candidemia including the importance of early recognition of high-risk patients.
  • Highlight markers of treatment failure for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and when to escalate treatment.
  • Understand the evolving therapeutic landscape of antifungals and where amphotericin B and its lipid based formulations fits today, in order to facilitate informed therapeutic decision-making across antifungal classes.
  • Outline diagnostic and treatment challenges in intra‑abdominal candidiasis and provide clinical guidance beyond current guideline recommendations.

It is with great pleasure that I introduce Fungi Now. 

Fungi Now continues the tradition of the in-person CARE meetings which provided education and cutting-edge updates in mycology for clinicians from a variety of specialties over the past 16 years.

Fungi Now recognizes the way we consume education has changed and takes the form of a targeted series of short discussions of new concepts and publications by leading experts.

Many thanks to the CARE steering committee, Prof. Peter Donnelly, Prof. Malcolm Richardson, Prof. Johan Maertens and Prof. Patricia Munoz for their dedication to and guidance of the CARE meetings and to Gilead for their continued commitment to education.

I hope you enjoy this new approach.

Professor Monica Slavin
CARE steering committee

Prof. Martin Hoenigl

Medical University of Graz
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Prof. Martin Hoenigl

Medical University of Graz
Austria

Biography

Disclosures

Prof. Ignacio Martin-Loeches

Dr Souha Kanj

Dr Souha Kanj

American University of Beirut Medical Center
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Dr Souha Kanj

American University of Beirut Medical Center
Lebanon

Biography

Disclosures

Prof. Martin Hoenigl

Prof. Johan Maertens

Prof. Johan Maertens

University Hospitals Leuven
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Prof. Johan Maertens

University Hospitals Leuven
Belgium

Biography

Disclosures

Dr Souha Kanj

Prof. George Dimopoulos

Prof. George Dimopoulos

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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Prof. George Dimopoulos

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Greece

Biography

Disclosures

Prof. Johan Maertens

Prof. Ignacio Martin-Loeches

Prof. Ignacio Martin-Loeches

Trinity College Dublin and St James’s Hospital
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Prof. Ignacio Martin-Loeches

Trinity College Dublin and St James’s Hospital
Ireland

Biography

Disclosures

Prof. George Dimopoulos

Prof. Martin Hoenigl

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Key publication from Episode 1:

Seidel D, Wurster S, Jenks JD, Sati H, Gangneux JP, Egger M, et al. Impact of climate change and natural disasters on fungal infections. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(6):e594–e605.

2
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Key publication from Episode 2 (international guidelines on managing candidiasis): 

Cornely OA, Sprute R, Bassetti M, Chen SC, Groll AH, Kurzai O, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25(5):e280–e93.

3
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Key publication from Episode 3: 
Slavin MA, Chen YC, Cordonnier C, Cornely OA, Cuenca-Estrella M, Donnelly JP, et al. When to change treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis: an expert viewpoint. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;77(1):16–23.
4
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Key publication from Episode 4: 

Akinosoglou K, Rigopoulos EA, Papageorgiou D, Schinas G, Polyzou E, Dimopoulou E, et al. Amphotericin B in the Era of New Antifungals: Where Will It Stand? J Fungi (Basel). 2024;10(4).

5
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Key publication from Episode 5: 

Maseda E, Martín-Loeches I, Zaragoza R, Pemán J, Fortún J, Grau S, et al. Critical appraisal beyond clinical guidelines for intraabdominal candidiasis. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):382.

6

For information on global Candida auris reporting:

Friedman DZP, Schwartz IS. Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel). 2019 Jul 20;5(3):67.

7

For more on the impact of higher temperatures and low rainfall on Dimorphic fungi see: 

George ME, Gaitor TT, Cluck DB, Henao-Martínez AF, Sells NR, Chastain DB. The impact of climate change on the epidemiology of fungal infections: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and public health strategies. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2025;12:20499361251313841.

8

For the international guidelines on managing Aspergillus diseases:

Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, Denning DW, Groll AH, Lagrou K, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24 Suppl 1:e1-e38.

9

For the international guidelines on managing mucormycosis diseases: 

Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, Chen SCA, Dannaoui E, Hochhegger B, et al. Mucormycosis ECMM MSG Global Guideline Writing Group. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(12):e405-e421.

Video Navigation

Fungi Now Episodes

Episode 1 - Fungi in a Heating World: How Climate Change is Transforming Fungal Infections?

Prof. Hoenigl outlines how climate change is not only affecting global temperature, sea levels and increasing the frequency of natural disasters, it is reshaping the ecology of fungi.
Prof. Martin Hoenigl
Duration: 7:01

Episode 2 - Mastering Candidiasis: Inside the New ECMM Global Guidelines

Dr Kanj provides an overview of the stepwise diagnostic pathway and treatment algorithms from the ECMM 2025 guidelines for Candida infections, the most common hospital fungal pathogen.
Dr Souha Kanj
Duration: 6:58

Episode 3 - Escalation in Invasive Aspergillosis: Knowing When First Line Is Not Enough

Prof. Maertens provides guidance on how to identify early signals of non-response to acute invasive aspergillosis management and how to make evidence-based escalation decisions.
Prof. Johan Maertens
Duration: 6:10

Episode 4 - Amphotericin B in a Changing Landscape: Defining Its Role in Modern Antifungal Therapy

Prof. Dimopoulos outlines the role of amphotericin B in the context of emerging antifungal agents.
Prof. George Dimopoulos
Duration: 6:48

Episode 5 - Beyond Guidelines: Critical Insights in Intra-abdominal Candidiasis

Prof. Martin-Loeches provides practical, evidence‑aligned decision‑making when treating intra‑abdominal candidiasis, one of the most challenging forms of invasive fungal infection.
Prof. Ignacio Martin-Loeches
Duration: 8:37

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This activity is funded by Gilead Sciences, Inc. and is intended for healthcare professionals only. 

The content of this activity is non-promotional and aims to provide an update on the most relevant recent publications on invasive fungal infections.

Gilead Sciences, Inc. provided financial support and content, and has had input into the detailed project scope. This activity is provided by Touch Medical Communications (TMC) for touchINFECTIOUS DISEASES.

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